Comparing a new multimorbidity index with other multimorbidity measures for predicting disability trajectories.

BACKGROUND: The optimal multimorbidity measures for predicting disability trajectories are not universally agreed upon. We developed a multimorbidity index among middle-aged and older community-dwelling Chinese adults and compare its predictive ability of disability trajectories with other multimorbidity measures. METHODS: This study included 17,649 participants aged ≥50 years from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Survey 2011-2018. Two disability trajectory groups were estimated using the total disability score differences calculated between each follow-up visit and baseline. A weighted index was constructed using logistic regression models for disability trajectories based on the training set (70 %). The index and the condition count were used, along with the pattern identified by the latent class analysis to measure multimorbidity at baseline. Logistic regression models were used in the training set to examine associations between each multimorbidity measure and disability trajectories. C-statistics, integrated discrimination improvements, and net reclassification indices were applied to compare the performance of different multimorbidity measures in predicting disability trajectories in the testing set (30 %). RESULTS: In the newly developed multimorbidity index, the weights of the chronic conditions varied from 1.04 to 2.55. The multimorbidity index had a higher predictive performance than the condition count. The condition count performed better than the multimorbidity pattern in predicting disability trajectories. LIMITATION: Self-reported chronic conditions. CONCLUSIONS: The multimorbidity index may be considered an ideal measurement in predicting disability trajectories among middle-aged and older community-dwelling Chinese adults. The condition count is also suggested due to its simplicity and superior predictive performance.

Polycladospora coralii gen. nov., sp. nov., a novel member of the family Thermoactinomycetaceae isolated from stony coral in the South China Sea.

Two novel filamentous bacteria, designated as IB182353T and IB182357, were isolated from stony coral of the South China Sea. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that strains IB182353T and IB182357 were closely related to Hazenella coriacea DSM 45707T (with 93.4 and 93.5% similarity, respectively). The average nucleotide identity, average amino acid identity and digital DNA-DNA hybridization results showed that the pairwise similarities between isolate IB182353T and the other recognized Thermoactinomycetaceae species were less than 68.9, 60.5 and 21.1 %, respectively. Both strains produced aerial and substrate mycelia, grew optimally at 25-30 °C, pH 8.0-9.0 and with 2-3 % (w/v) NaCl. The cell-wall peptidoglycan type was meso-DAP and the whole-cell hydrolysates contained ribose. The polar lipids consisted of phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol, diphosphatidylglycerol, one unidentified aminophospholipid and three unidentified phospholipids. The genomic DNA G+C content was 39.5 mol%. Strain IB182353T was distinguishable from its related type strains by the contents of two fatty acids, iso-C15 : 0 and iso-C17 : 1 ω10c. Based on polyphasic taxonomic characterization, we propose that strains IB182353T and IB182357 represent a novel genus and species within the family Thermoactinomycetaceae, for which the name Polycladospora coralii gen. nov. sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is IB182353T (=MCCC 1K04631T=JCM 34206T).

Neiella litorisoli sp. nov., an alginate lyase: producing bacterium from South China Sea, and proposal of Echinimonadaceae fam. nov. in the order Alteromonadales.

A Gram-stain-negative, rod-shaped bacterium, designated HB171785T, was isolated from soil sample collected from Qishui Bay, Hainan, China. The strain grew optimally at pH 7-8, 37-40 °C and with NaCl 3-4%. The predominant isoprenoid quinone was found to be Q-8 and the major fatty acids were C16:0, C16:1 ω7c/C16:1 ω6c, C18:1 ω7c/C18:1 ω6c and C12:0 3OH. The polar lipids contained diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, and phosphatidylethanolamine. The size of the draft genome was 4.32 Mbp with G + C content 49.7%. Phylogenetic analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequence indicated that the closest phylogenetically related species were Neiella marina j221T, "Neiella holothuriorum" 126 and Echinimonas agarilytica KMM 6351T with the similarities of 98.2, 96.0 and 95.0%, respectively. The phylogenetic tree based on 16S rRNA gene and phylogenomic tree based on core genome showed that strain HB171785T clustered together with N. marina j221T, with the highest values of average nucleotide identity (82.9%) and digital DNA-DNA hybridization (25.4%). The combined phylogenetic relatedness, phenotypic and genotypic features supported the conclusion that strain HB171785T represents a novel species of the genus Neiella, for which the name Neiella litorisoli sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is HB171785T (= MCCC 1K04625T = KCTC 82319T). In addition, Echinimonadaceae fam. nov. in the order Alteromonadales was proposed.

The association between vision impairment and cognitive outcomes in older adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

OBJECTIVES: To provide a quantitative synthesis of studies on the relationship between vision impairment (VI) and cognitive outcomes in older adults. METHOD: A systematic search was undertaken of relevant databases for original articles published before April 2020. Random effect models were used to obtain pooled estimates of the associations between VI and cognitive outcomes (cognitive impairment and dementia) with subgroup analyses of VI measures, cross-sectional associations of VI with cognitive impairment, and longitudinal associations of baseline VI with incident cognitive impairment and dementia. Potential sources of heterogeneity were explored by meta-regression. Publication bias was evaluated with Egger's test. RESULTS: Sixteen studies including 76,373 participants were included in this meta-analysis, with five cross-sectional studies and eleven longitudinal studies. There was a significantly increased risk of cognitive outcomes with VI identified by subjective measures (odds ratio (OR)=1.63; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.26-1.99) and objective measures (OR = 1.59; 95% CI: 1.40-1.78). The odds of baseline cognitive impairment were 137% higher in older adults with VI compared with those without VI (OR = 2.37, 95% CI: 1.84-3.03) at baseline. Compared with older adults without VI at baseline, those with baseline VI had a higher relative risk (RR) of incident cognitive impairment (RR = 1.41; 95% CI: 1.31-1.51) and dementia (RR = 1.44, 95% CI: 1.19-1.75). CONCLUSIONS: VI was associated with increased risks of cognitive impairment and dementia across cross-sectional and longitudinal studies. Additional research and randomized clinical trials are warranted to examine the implications of treatment for VI, such as wearing glasses and cataract surgery, to avoid cognitive impairment and dementia.

Paenibacillus sabuli sp. nov., isolated from the South China Sea.

A Gram-positive, rod-shaped, motile, spore-forming bacterium, designated strain IB182496T, was isolated from coastal sand of the South China Sea. The strain grew optimally at pH 7.0-9.0, 20-30 °C, and with NaCl 3.0-5.0 %. The predominant menaquinone was MK-7 and the major cellular fatty acids were anteiso-C15 : 0, iso-C16 : 0 and C16 : 0. The polar lipids in the cell wall included diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, three unidentified phospholipids and one unidentified lipid. The comparison of 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that strain IB182496T was most closely related to 'Paenibacillus sambharensis' SMB1 and Paenibacillus tarimensis SA-7-6T with similarities of 95.7 and 95.5 %, respectively. The whole-genome average nucleotide identity values between strain IB182496T and the two reference strains were 70.8 and 70.5%, and the digital DNA-DNA hybridization values were 18.7 and 18.0 %, respectively. Genomic analyses showed that strain IB182496T presented a genome of 6.22 Mbp with chromosomal G+C content of 60.3 %, and a total of 5261 genes were predicted. The combined phylogenetic relatedness, phenotypic and genotypic features supported the conclusion that strain IB182496T should be considered as representing a novel species of the genus Paenibacillus, for which we propose the name Paenibacillus sabuli sp. nov. with the type strain IB182496T (=MCCC 1K04627T=JCM 34216T).

Overexpression of MiR-633 Suppresses the Tumorigenicity of Gastric Cancer Cells and Induces Apoptosis by Targeting MAPK1.

OBJECTIVE: MicroRNA (miRNA/miR)-633 is dysregulated in several types of cancers and is involved in tumorigenesis. However, the function and role of this miRNA in gastric cancer (GC) are not fully understood. The aim of the present study was to evaluate miR-633 expression in GC cell lines and in GC tissue vs. adjacent normal tissue, and to determine its association with clinicopathological data. This work was extended to investigate the effects of miR-633 overexpression on tumor cells in vitro. METHODS: Reverse transcription-quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) was used to detect and compare the expression level of miR-633 in GC cells, as well as in GC and normal adjacent tissue samples. The clinical significance of miR-633 was also analyzed. MiR-633 lentivirus (LV-miR-633) and negative control lentivirus (LV-NC) were generated and used to transduce SGC-7901 and HGC-27 GC cells in order to analyze the effect of miR-633 on their phenotype. The effects of miR-633 overexpression on GC cell proliferation, apoptosis, migration and invasion were investigated. The target gene of miR-633 was predicted, then confirmed using a dual luciferase reporter gene assay, RT-qPCR and Western blotting. RESULTS: MiR-633 was significantly downregulated in GC cell lines, as well as in GC tissue compared with adjacent normal tissue. Moreover, miR-633 expression was associated with the tumor/node/metastasis (TNM) stage, invasion depth, Borrmann classification and lymph node metastasis (P<0.05). Compared with the LV-NC group, transduction with LV-miR-633 reduced the proliferation, the number of clones, the wound healing rate, the number of invading cells and the number of cells in the G1 phase of the cell cycle (P<0.01). LV-miR-633 also increased the apoptosis rate (P<0.01). The expression level of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) 1, high-mobility group box 3 (HMGB3), claudin 1 (CLDN1) and MAPK13 were downregulated in LV-miR-633-transduced cells (P<0.01). The dual luciferase reporter assay confirmed that the 3'-untranslated region of MAPK1 was the target site of miR-633 (P<0.01). CONCLUSION: MiR-633 acts as a tumor suppressor in GC, and its expression level is associated with TNM stage, invasion depth, Borrmann type and lymph node metastasis. Overexpression of miR-633 inhibits the proliferation and migration of GC cells and induces apoptosis and cell cycle arrest at the in G1 phase. In addition, miR-633 negatively regulates the expression of MAPK1, HMGB3, CLDN1 and MAPK13 and directly targets MAPK1.

Visual acuity of urban and rural adults in a coastal province of southern China: the Fujian Eye Study.

AIM: To evaluate the vision status and sociodemographic associations of visual acuity (VA) in an urban and rural population in a coastal province of southern China. METHODS: The Fujian Eye Study, a population-based cross-sectional study, was performed from May 2018 to October 2019. Totally 10 044 participants over 50 years old from all nine cities in Fujian Province were enrolled, and underwent a questionnaire and a series of standard physical and ocular examinations. VA was measured by E Standard Logarithmic Visual Acuity Chart (GB 11533-1989). Data was double entered with EpiData v3.1 for data collation and Stata/SE statistical software v15.1 was used to analyze the data. RESULTS: Totally 8211 (81.8%) participants were finally included and were divided into urban populations (4678 subjects), rural populations (n=3533), coastal residents (n=6434), and inland residents (1777 subjects); 4836 participants were female. The mean age was 64.39±8.87y (median 64y; range 50-98y). The mean presenting VA was 0.61±0.30 (0.23±0.27 logMAR), and the mean best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) was 0.82±0.28 (0.08±0.19 logMAR). In the multiple regression analysis, BCVA was significantly correlated with several socioeconomic and biologic factors, including age (P<0.001), education level (P<0.001), income (P=0.005), rural residency (P<0.001), inland residency (P=0.001) and refractive error (P<0.001), while sex (P=0.194) was independent with BCVA. CONCLUSION: Accessible services and eye health policies targeting the elderly, people with high myopia and people living in rural or inland areas are needed.

Multimorbidity measures differentially predicted mortality among older Chinese adults.

OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to examine and compare the associations between different multimorbidity measures and mortality among older Chinese adults. STUDY DESIGN AND SETTING: Using the Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey 2002-2018, data on fourteen chronic conditions from 13,144 participants aged ≥65 years were collected. Multimorbidity measures included condition counts, multimorbidity patterns (examined by exploratory factor analysis), and multimorbidity trajectories (examined by a group-based trajectory model). Mortality risk associated with different multimorbidity measures was each analyzed using Cox regression. C-statistic, the Integrated Discrimination Improvement (IDI), and the Net Reclassification Index (NRI) were used to compare the performance of different multimorbidity measures. RESULTS: Participants with multimorbidity, regardless of measurements, had a higher risk of death compared with people without multimorbidity. Compared with the mortality prediction model using age and sex, C-statistics showed added discrimination (over 0.77, all P < .05) for models with multimorbidity measures. Multimorbidity trajectory showed integrated discrimination and net reclassification improvement for mortality prediction compared to condition count (IDI = 0.042, NRI = 0.033) and multimorbidity pattern (IDI = 0.041, NRI = 0.069). CONCLUSION: Adding multimorbidity measures significantly improved the performance of a mortality prediction model using age and sex as predictors. Trajectory-based measures of multimorbidity performed better than count- and pattern-based measures for mortality prediction.

Incidence of neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders in China: a large cohort study using claim data.

OBJECTIVES: Population-based studies estimating the incidence of neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders (NMOSDs) in Asia are limited, and the relationship between latitude and incidence has been scarcely investigated. We aimed to estimate the incidence of NMOSDs in Chinese adults and explore their relationship to latitude. DESIGN: Cohort study based on data from the Urban Employee Basic Medical Insurance in China. PARTICIPANTS: 177 million people were followed from 2016 to 2017 in 20 provinces. PRIMARY OUTCOME MEASURES: The incidence rate was estimated by Poisson distribution and reported as age-adjusted and sex-adjusted rates using the standard population. RESULTS: There were 1313 incident NMOSD cases, with an overall incidence of 0.41 (95% CIs: 0.39 to 0.43) per 100 000 person-years. The incidence in females was higher, with a female-to-male IRR of 4.52. The incidence increased with age, peaking at 55-64 years in females and 65-74 years in males and then decreasing thereafter. The female-to-male IRRs were higher in those <55 years. The association between latitude and incidence was not statistically significant. CONCLUSIONS: The incidence of NMOSD in Chinese adults was 0.41 per 100 000 person-years. There is no latitude gradient observed. Sex and age influence the risk of NMOSD, suggesting the role of genetic, hormonal and other related factors in the pathophysiology.

Patterns of cardiometabolic multimorbidity and the risk of depressive symptoms in a longitudinal cohort of middle-aged and older Chinese.

BACKGROUND: Cardiometabolic diseases (CMDs) are associated with depression. However, it is unclear whether coexisting CMDs may increase the risk of depression. We examined associations between cardiometabolic multimorbidity and depressive symptoms among middle-aged and older Chinese. METHODS: Participants aged ≥45 years were enrolled from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study 2011-2018 (N = 18,002). Cardiometabolic multimorbidity was defined as the coexistence of ≥2 CMDs, including stroke, heart disease, diabetes, hypertension, and dyslipidemia. Depressive symptoms were assessed by the Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale. We used generalized estimating equation models to examine associations between cardiometabolic multimorbidity and depressive symptoms, including the dose effect of disease count and prevalent disease combinations, as well as individual and additive effects of specific CMDs. RESULTS: The prevalence of cardiometabolic multimorbidity was 24.5%. A higher number of CMDs had an additive dose effect on depressive symptoms that persisted consistently in specific CMDs. Stroke only, heart disease only, and diabetes only were each associated with a higher risk of depressive symptoms compared with no CMDs. CMD combinations involving stroke, heart disease, or diabetes were each associated with an increased risk of depressive symptoms compared with the absence of stroke, heart disease, or diabetes. LIMITATION: Self-reported chronic conditions. CONCLUSION: Stroke, heart disease, and diabetes showed individual and additive effects on CMD combinations, whereas hypertension and dyslipidemia only showed associations with depressive symptoms in combinations with other CMDs. These results suggest person-centered healthcare of mental health prevention and treatment for middle-aged and older adults with individual or multiple CMDs.

Evaluation of the efficacy of a novel Vibrio vulnificus vaccine based on antibacterial peptide inactivation in turbot, Scophthalmus maximus.

Tongue sole tissue factor pathway inhibitor 2 (TFPI-2) C-terminus derived peptide, TC38, has previously been shown to kill Vibrio vulnificus cells without lysing the cell membrane; thus, the remaining bacterial shell has potential application as an inactivated vaccine. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the immune response induced by the novel V. vulnificus vaccine. The protective potential of TC38-killed V. vulnificus cells (TKC) was examined in a turbot model. Fish were intramuscularly vaccinated with TKC or FKC (formalin-killed V. vulnificus cells) and challenged with a lethal-dose of V. vulnificus. The results showed that compared with FKC, TKC was effective in protecting fish against V. vulnificus infection, with relative percent of survival (RPS) rates of 53.29% and 63.64%, respectively. The immunological analysis revealed that compared with the FKC and control groups, the TKC group exhibited: 1) significantly higher respiratory burst ability and bactericidal activity of macrophages at 7 d post-vaccination; 2) increased alkaline phosphatase, acid phosphatase, lysozyme, and total superoxide dismutase levels post-vaccination; 3) higher serum agglutinating antibody titer with corresponding higher serum bactericidal ability, and a more potent serum agglutination effect, as well as an increased IgM expression level; 4) higher expression of immune relevant genes, which were involved in both innate and adaptive immunity. Taken together, this is the first study to develop a novel V. vulnificus inactivated vaccine based on AMP inactivation, and TKC is an effective vaccine against V. vulnificus infection for aquaculture.

Paenibacillus oceani sp. nov., isolated from surface seawater.

A Gram-stain-positive and motile bacterial strain, designated IB182363T, was isolated from surface seawater of the South China Sea. Cells grew at pH 5.0-9.5 (optimum, pH 7.0-8.0), 20-40 °C (optimum, 30 °C) and with 1-8 % (w/v) NaCl (optimum, 2-4 %). On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, strain IB182363T was affiliated to the genus Paenibacillus and the closest phylogenetically related species was Paenibacillus ginsengarvi DSM18677T with 96.9 % sequence similarity. The values of whole genome average nucleotide identity analysis and digital DNA-DNA hybridization between the isolate and the closely related type strains were less than 86.3 and 25.6 %, respectively. Chemotaxonomic analysis revealed that strain IB182363T possessed meso-diaminopimelic acid in the cell-wall peptidoglycan and contained menaquinone MK-7 as the predominant isoprenoid quinone. The major cellular fatty acids were anteiso-C15 : 0, C16 : 0 and iso-C16 : 0. The polar lipids comprised phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol, diphosphatidylglycerol, one unidentified glycolipid, two unidentified aminolipids, two unidentified phospholipids and four unidentified aminophospholipids. The genomic DNA G+C content was 54.5 mol%. On the basis of the above results, strain IB182363T represents a novel species of the genus Paenibacillus, for which we propose the name Paenibacillus oceani sp. nov. with the type strain IB182363T (=MCCC 1K04630T=JCM 34214T).

Healthcare Costs Associated with Complications in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes among 1.85 Million Adults in Beijing, China.

We aimed to provide reliable regression estimates of expenditures associated with various complications in type 2 diabetics in China. In total, 1,859,039 type 2 diabetes patients with complications were obtained from the Beijing Medical Claim Data for Employees database from 2008 to 2016. We estimated costs for complications using a generalized estimating equation model adjusted for age, sex, and the incidence of various complications. The average total cost for diabetic patients with complications was 17.12 thousand RMB. Prescribed drugs accounted for 63.4% of costs. We observed a significant increase in costs in the first year after the onset of complications. Compared with costs before the incidence of complications, the additional costs per person in the first year and >1 year after the event would be 10,631.16 RMB and 1150.71 RMB for cardiovascular disease, 1017.62 RMB and 653.82 RMB for cerebrovascular disease, and 301.14 RMB and 624.00 RMB for kidney disease, respectively. The estimated coefficients for outpatient visits were relatively lower than those of inpatient visits. Complications in diabetics exert a significant impact on total healthcare costs in the first year of their onset and in subsequent years. Our estimates may assist policymakers in quantifying the economic burden of diabetes complications.

Knockdown of Microtubule Associated Serine/threonine Kinase Like Expression Inhibits Gastric Cancer Cell Growth and Induces Apoptosis by Activation of ERK1/2 and Inactivation of NF-κB Signaling.

Microtubule-associated serine/threonine kinase (MASTL) functions to regulate chromosome condensation and mitotic progression. Therefore, aberrant MASTL expression is commonly implicated in various human cancers. This study analyzed MASTL expression in gastric cancer vs. adjacent normal tissue for elucidating the association with clinicopathological data from patients. This work was then extended to investigate the effects of MASTL knockdown on tumor cells in vitro. The level of MASTL expression in gastric cancer tissue was assessed from the UALCAN, GEPIA, and Oncomine online databases. Lentivirus carrying MASTL or negative control shRNA was infected into gastric cancer cells. RT-qPCR, Western blotting, cell viability, cell counting, flow cytometric apoptosis and cell cycle, and colony formation assays were performed. MASTL was upregulated in gastric cancer tissue compared to the adjacent normal tissue, and the MASTL expression was associated with advanced tumor stage, Helicobacter pylori infection and histological subtypes. On the other hand, knockdown of MASTL expression significantly reduced tumor cell viability and proliferation, and arrested cell cycle at G2/M stage but promoted tumor cells to undergo apoptosis. At protein level, knockdown of MASTL expression enhanced levels of cleaved PARP1, cleaved caspase-3, Bax and p-ERK1/2 expression, but downregulated expression levels of BCL-2 and p-NF-κB-p65 protein in AGS and MGC-803 cells. MASTL overexpression in gastric cancer tissue may be associated with gastric cancer development and progression, whereas knockdown of MASTL expression reduces tumor cell proliferation and induces apoptosis. Further study will evaluate MASTL as a potential target of gastric cancer therapeutic strategy.

Vision impairment, vision correction, and cognitive decline among middle-aged and older Chinese: results from the China health and retirement longitudinal study.

OBJECTIVES: To investigate the associations between vision impairment (VI), vision correction (VC), and cognitive function. METHOD: We included 20,677 participants aged ≥45 years from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (2011-2015). Participants were grouped into no VI, distance VI (DVI) only, near VI (NVI) only, or both distance and near VI (DNVI), and VI(+)/VC(-), VI(+)/VC(+), VI(-)/VC(-), or VI(-)/VC(+) further at baseline. Cognitive function at baseline and subsequently every two years was applied as a dependent variable in a generalized estimating equation model. RESULTS: DVI only, NVI only, and DNVI had significantly worse cognitive function over time than no VI (all p < .05). DNVI had significantly worse cognitive function over time than DVI only and NVI only (all p < .001). VI(+)/VC(+), VI(-)/VC(-), and VI(-)/VC(+) had significantly better cognitive function over time than VI(+)/VC(-) (all p < .05). VI(-)/VC(+) had significantly better cognitive function over time than VI(+)/VC(+) and VI(-)/VC(-) (all p < .05). CONCLUSION: Cognitive function was worse in middle-aged and older Chinese with VI, especially in those with DNVI. VC was associated with better cognitive function over time regardless of the status of vision.

Self-reported vision impairment, vision correction, and depressive symptoms among middle-aged and older Chinese: Findings from the China health and retirement longitudinal study.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate associations between vision impairment (VI), vision correction (VC) and depressive symptoms among middle-aged and older Chinese. METHODS: 22 203 participants aged ≥45 years from China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study 2011 to 2015 were divided into four self-reported VI categories: no VI, distance VI (DVI) only, near VI (NVI) only, and both distance and near VI (DNVI); and four self-reported VI/VC subgroups: VI(+)/VC(-), VI(+)/VC(+), VI(-)/VC(-) and VI(-)/VC(+). Depressive symptoms were evaluated by 10-item Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale (CESD-10). RESULTS: Compared with no VI, DVI only (OR = 2.12, 95% CI: 1.95, 2.31), NVI only (OR = 1.51, 95% CI: 1.39, 1.63) and DNVI (OR = 2.75, 95% CI: 2.47, 3.07) were associated with higher odds of depressive symptoms. Compared with VI(+)/VC(-), VI(+)/VC(+) (OR = 0.91, 95% CI: 0.83, 0.98), VI (-)/VC(-) (OR = 0.50, 95% CI: 0.48, 0.53) and VI(-)/VC(+) (OR = 0.49, 95% CI: 0.47, 0.54) were associated with lower odds of depressive symptoms. Compared with no VI at baseline, baseline DNVI was significantly associated with higher odds of depressive symptoms after two (OR = 1.48, 95% CI: 1.16, 1.88) and four (OR = 1.32, 95% CI: 1.04, 1.68) years. Baseline depressive symptoms were significantly associated with higher odds of VI after two (OR = 1.53, 95% CI: 1.34, 1.74) and four (OR = 1.54, 95% CI: 1.34, 1.76) years. CONCLUSION: Adults with DNVI were more likely to report depressive symptoms in the future and those with depressive symptoms were more likely to report VI in the future. VC might be a protective factor for preventing depressive symptoms among adults with VI.

Amaricoccus solimangrovi sp. nov., isolated from mangrove soil.

Strain HB172011T was isolated from mangrove soil sampled at the Bamenbay mangrove forest, PR China. Cells were easily recognized under the microscope as cocci that were usually arranged in distinctive tetrads. Results of phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that the isolate belongs to the genus Amaricoccus and has 95.6-96.3% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities to the four Amaricoccus type strains. The strain was aerobic or facultatively anaerobic, Gram-stain-negative and non-motile. Cells were found to grow at 10-40 °C (optimum, 30 °C), pH 6.0-9.0 (optimum, pH 7.0) and with 0-9.0% (w/v) NaCl (optimum, 2-4%). Major fatty acids were feature 8 (C18:1 ω7c and/or C18:1 ω6c), C16:0, C19:0 cyclo ω8c and summed feature 2 (C16:1 iso I and/or C14:0-3 OH). Genome sequencing revealed a genome size of 4.87 Mbp and a DNA G+C content of 69.9 mol %. Based on these data, strain HB172011T represents a novel species of Amaricoccus, for which the name Amaricoccus solimangrovi sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is HB172011T (=CGMCC 1.16728T=JCM 33334T).

Pontibacter mangrovi sp. nov., isolated from mangrove sediment.

A Gram-stain-negative, short-rod-shaped and pink-pigmented bacterial strain (HB172049T) was isolated from mangrove sediment. Cells grew at 10-45 °C (optimum, 30 °C), pH 6.0-9.0 (optimum, pH 7.0) and with 0.5-9.0 % (w/v) NaCl (optimum, 2-5 %). Analysis of the 16S rRNA gene sequence revealed that the isolate had highest sequence similarities to Pontibacter mucosus DSM 100162T (96.5 %) and Pontibacter korlensis X14-1T (96.5 %). The values of average nucleotide identity, average amino acid identity and digital DNA-DNA hybridization between the isolate and its close neighbours were, respectively, less than 80.1, 81.7 and 23.2 %. Chemotaxonomic analysis indicated that the sole respiratory quinone was MK-7 and the predominant cellular fatty acids were summed feature 4 and iso-C15 : 0 (42.2 and 24.6 %, respectively). The major polar lipids consisted of phosphatidylethanolamine, diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, one unidentified glycolipid, one unidentified phospholipid, one unidentified aminophospholipid and two unidentified polar lipids. The genomic DNA G+C content was 52.6 mol%. Based on polyphasic taxonomic characterization, it is proposed that strain HB172049T belongs to the genus Pontibacter and represents a novel species, for which the name Pontibacter mangrovi sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is HB172049T (=CGMCC 1.16729T=JCM 33333T).

Association between ambient particulate matter and hospitalization for anxiety in China: A multicity case-crossover study.

AIMS: Evidence concerning the impact of ambient particulate matter (PM) on mental health is just emerging and inconsistent. Air pollution with high PM levels has been frequently reported in China, however, no Chinese study has determined the association between PM exposures and anxiety hospitalizations. We examined the potential association between PM concentrations and anxiety admissions in 26 Chinese cities from January 2014 to December 2015. METHODS: A time-stratified case-crossover design was employed in the study. Anxiety hospitalizations were identified according to ICD-10 from the electronic hospitalization summary reports system in China. Conditional logistic regression was applied to estimate the relation between PM levels and anxiety admissions, stratified by age and sex. RESULTS: Positive associations between PM2.5/PM10 and admitted anxiety cases were observed. PM2.5 had the largest effect estimate at lag 5 days, with a per 10 µg/m3 increase corresponding to a 0.63% (95% CI, 0.26-1.00) increase in anxiety admissions. PM10's largest effect estimate was observed at lag 3 days, increasing 0.37% (95% CI, 0.12-0.62) anxiety admissions per 10 µg/m3. Females were more sensitive to PM2.5/PM10 concentrations than males, however, the effect modification by age was not significant. A marginally significant distinction in anxiety hospitalizations was found in patients with and without CVDs when they were exposed to PM2.5. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings indicate that short-term exposure to increased concentrations of PM2.5/PM10 exacerbates risks of anxiety hospitalizations in 26 Chinese cities. We observed effect modification by sex, with significantly stronger associations in female patients. This study offers the promise that reducing PM air pollution could probably reduce the huge disease burden from anxiety disorders.